On this day, June 18, 656, Ali bin Abu Talib was elected as the fourth Rashidun Caliph.
After the assassination of Uthman bin Affan, the Muhajirun and the Ansar gathered around Ali. Initially, Ali refused to accept the office, but when some notable companions of the Holy Prophet ﷺ, in addition to the residents of Medina, urged him to accept the offer, he finally agreed. A number of other notable companions gave allegiance to him, while there were others including Muawiyah bin Sufyan who rebelled against him.
Here is Ali’s first Khutab as the caliph:
“Almighty and Glorious Allah has sent down a Book that guides. In it, He has made clear what is good and what is evil, so take hold of the good and leave the evil. Perform the religious duties to Allah, and He will lead you to Paradise.
Allah has made a number of inviolable ordinances, which are well known, and He has favored the inviolability of the Muslim over all others, strengthening the Muslims with the declaration and belief in one God.
A Muslim is someone from whom people are safe, except when there is just cause; and it is not allowed to harm a Muslim, except when it is obligatory. Hasten to the common cause, because the particular cause of each individual is death.
The people are in front of you and behind you, urging you on, remember, it is the Hour! Keep your load [of sins] light, and you will reach [Paradise quickly]. People are simply awaiting their Hereafter.
Servants of Allah! Fear Him in your dealings with His other servants and His places. You are responsible even for land and animals, so obey Almighty and Glorious Allah!
Don’t go against Him! So when you see good, follow it; when you see bad, leave it alone. “Remember when you were few in the land and considered weak.”
As reported by al-Tabari